He whānuitanga nui ngā kaupapa o te hangarau whakaotinga paturopi, tae atu ki te tae me te whakaotinga, te hangarau matū, te rongoā, te koiora moroiti me te maha atu o ngā kaupapa. Mā te whakamahi i te kaihoko whakaotinga paturopi ki ngā kakahu, ehara i te mea ka taea anake te tapahi i te ara tuku me te whakaputa uri o ngā moroiti kino pēnei i te huakita, te harore me te pokepokea ai, engari ka ārai hoki i te haunga, i ngā ira tae me ngā raruraru hauora e puta mai ana i a rātou.

Ko te tikanga, ko te whakaotinga huakita he tikanga mō te whakamahi i ngā matū patu huakita ki ngā muka me te whakapiri i aua matū ki roto i ngā kakahu mā te tuku, te hurihuri, te paninga, te rehu rānei i roto i te tukanga tā me te tae kakahu. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau kakahu, kua whakamahia whānuitia te hangarau plasma, te hangarau pupuhi korehau me te hangarau nano ki te whakaotinga huakita o ngā kakahu.

Te whakaotinga huakita plasma

Ko te whakamahi i te maimoatanga mata parāoa hei whiwhi pānga patu huakita he hangarau hou mō te whakarerekētanga patu huakita mata. Ko te whakaurunga katote, te whakaurunga āwhina hihi katote (IBAD) me te whakaurunga katote rumakina ki te parāoa (piii-d) ngā tikanga hangarau matua mō te whiwhi āhuatanga patu huakita o ngā rauemi.

Ko te whakaurunga katote he tikanga mō te whakatere i ngā katote kaha-teitei ki roto i ngā mata totoka i raro i ngā āhuatanga korehau. Mā te werohanga i ētahi huānga patu huakita pēnei i te Ag me te Cu ki runga i te mata o ngā rauemi kakahu, ka taea te hanga i te wāhanga metastatic, te wāhanga precipitation rānei, ā, ka taea te whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga patu huakita. He painga tēnei tikanga ki te whakaoti i te raruraru hononga i waenga i te mata paninga me te papa i whakaritea e ētahi atu tukanga. Ko te whakaurunga āwhina hihi katote he momo hangarau whakarerekētanga mata rauemi e whakauru ana i te whakaurunga katote me te whakaurunga kiriata angiangi. Ko te tikanga i te wā kotahi o te whakaurunga kohu me te whakaurunga, ka whakamahia ngā hihi katote me te nui o te kaha mō te pupuhi me te whakaranu, kia hanga ai he paparanga kiriata māmā, matatini rānei. Ka taea e te tikanga te whakatipu tonu i ngā kiriata o tetahi matotoru i te kaha pupuhi iti me te hanga kiriata matū me te ōwehenga matū pai i te pāmahana rūma, tata rānei. I tēnei wā, he iti noa ngā rangahau mō te whakamahinga o tēnei hangarau ki ngā rauemi patu huakita, ā, he nui te kaha mō te whanaketanga a meake nei. Ko te whakaurunga whakaurunga katote rumaki plasma ko te whakaputa i te plasma i roto i te rūma korehau i mua, kātahi ka tono i te pēhanga kino ki runga i te wahi mahi hei whiwhi whakaurunga katote, whakaurunga rānei, e rua. te pānga whakatō katote me te pānga whakakikorua katote tikanga. Ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o ngā kiriata me ngā paparanga hiato, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te rangahau o ngā rauemi patu huakita.

Whakamutu huakita hiriwa-whakakikoruatia

He māmā noa te tukanga whakaoti hiriwa kore-hiko tuku iho, engari kāore i te tino pai te roa, te pakari me te ōritetanga. Ko te whakaoti hiriwa korehau i raro i ngā āhuatanga korehau teitei, i tetahi taha, ka whakaiti i te tukinga i waenga i ngā ngota hiriwa me ngā ngota hau, ā, ka whakaiti i te putanga mai o ngā tauhohenga matū, i tetahi atu taha, ka taea te pupuri i te mata o ngā kakahu kua whakakikoruatia kia ma, me te whakapai ake i te pumau piri o ngā ngota hiriwa me ngā muka.

I roto i te whakakikorua hiriwa korehau, kaua te kakahu e mau ki te makuku, ki te kore ka heke te korehau. Ko te pumau o te piri te mea nui o te kounga o te hua.

Whakamutu paturopi hiriwa

Ka taea te mahi i te ruirui i ngā kakahu i roto i te taputapu ruirui rua-wāhanga DC. I roto i te ruirui, he pai ake te pumau o te piri o te konganuku ki ngā kakahu i tērā o te whakakikorua korehau. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakaoranga makuku paerewa, te ātete wera me te ihirangi rōpū hydrophilic o te muka ka pā ki te pānga ruirui. Ki te whakatauritea ki te miro me te papanga viscose, pareaku He māmā ake te tauhiuhi i te papanga, ā, ko te urunga hau o te papanga polyester kua tauhiuhihia kāore i rerekē, e pā ana ki te kiriata whakarewa kua takaihia ki te mata o ia muka, kaua ki te piri ki te āputa o te muka. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā papanga kāore i rongoatia, ko te pakari me te ngāwari o ngā papanga kua tauhiuhihia he rerekē mai i te 4% ki te 24%, arā, he āhua pakari paku, he rite ki te whakaotinga kapia whānui me te maimoatanga tautuhinga wera.

He tino pai ngā āhuatanga patu huakita o ngā muka me ngā papanga hiriwa hou i whakawhanakehia e te magnetron sputtering me te hangarau paninga hiato, ā, koinei ngā rauemi matua e whakamahia ana mō ngā rongoā kino pēnei i te weranga. I taua wā anō, ka taea te whakanui ake i te nui o te hiriwa, ā, ka taea te wehe i te papanga mai i te irahiko hikohiko.

Whakaotinga huakita whakahou

I te nuinga o te wā, ka ngāwari te whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga patu huakita o ngā kakahu i te whakaotinga, engari ka ngāwari hoki te ngaro i te horoinga. Hei whakapai ake i te roa o te whakaotinga patu huakita o ngā rauemi kakahu, ko te kaha ki te whakahou i te mahi patu huakita he tikanga whakaoti hou. I roto i tēnei tukanga hou, ka whakakapia te matū matua (te kaihopu patu huakita pea) e te kaihopu patu huakita tonu, ā, ka whakamahia i roto i te maimoatanga patu huakita o ngā rauemi cellulose. I mua i te whakahohenga o te rōpū patu huakita, ka herea tahi te kaihopu patu huakita pea ki te rauemi cellulose, ka taea te whakahohe mā te tukanga matū whakahurihuri (pēnei i te tauhohenga REDOX), ka tukuna te rōpū patu huakita. He rite tēnei tikanga whakaoti ki te tukanga whakaotinga ātete-kiki, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i te tauhohenga whakahohenga i roto i ngā tukanga tuku iho pēnei i te whakama.

Ko te kaihopu patu huakita pea he mea hanga mai i te hydanilide, arā, te mono-hydroxymethyl-5, 5-dimethyl hydanilide (MDMH). Mā te whakamahi i te MDMH hei rongoā i te papanga cellulose, ka taea e te hydroxymethyl i roto i te MDMH te tauhohe ki te rōpū hydroxyl i runga i te mekameka ngota o te muka cellulose hei whakaputa i te here covalent. Ka taea te rongoā i te rōpū amino tuarua i roto i te MDMH ki te otinga kei roto he chlorine whai hua hei whakaputa i te hanganga haloamine. He tino kaha te polarity chlorine o te here covalent i roto i te hanganga haloamine, ā, he pānga waikura, ka taea te arahi ki te whakakorenga o ngā moroiti, ā, ka tutuki te pānga patu huakita. Whai muri i te chlorination, ka whakaitihia te ngota chlorine ki te chloride, ā, ka hurihia te here halogen-amine ki te rōpū amino tuarua, ka taea te whakahou i muri i te chlorination anō, kia tutuki ai te whakahou i te mahi patu huakita.

Rauemi huakita nanometer me tōna tono

Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi nano-paturopi ki ngā rauemi nano-paturopi taiao, ngā rauemi nano-paturopi waro me ngā rauemi nano-paturopi kore-waro. He tūranga matua te kaihoko paturopi hiriwa nanomita i roto i te kaihoko paturopi kore-waro, ka taea te horapa ōrite ki roto i ngā hua, ā, kāore he whakaritenga motuhake mō te hangarau tukatuka, ā, ka taea te whakamahi whānui i roto i ngā momo hua muka katoa. Ka whakawhirinaki ki te tauhohenga whakapā hei whakangaro i te mahi moroiti, ā, ko tōna wāhanga paturopi he katote hiriwa, me te pānga paturopi roa.

Mā te mimiti ā-tinana me te whakawhiti katote, ka whakapirihia te katote hiriwa ki te mata o ngā rauemi pūngoi pērā i te zeolite, te uku, te silica gel me ētahi atu hei hanga i te kaihoko patu huakita, kātahi ka tāpirihia ki ngā hua e rite ana mā te tā paninga, te takai rewa me ētahi atu tikanga hei whiwhi i te rauemi me te kaha patu huakita. Mā te hiriwa whakakotahi hei tinana patu huakita matua me te nano TiO2 me te SiO2 hei kaikawe, ka tino whakapai ake te pānga motuhake o ngā matūriki paura nano i te pānga patu huakita whānui, ka tino whai wāhi ki te ātete pāmahana, te pai o te paura, te marara me ngā pānga mahi.

(pūtake: textile herald)