He nui te pūngao e hiahiatia ana hei whakarite i te pāmahana ki tētahi awhe e pai ana. Nō reira, he nui ngā mahi rangahau e whakatapua ana ki te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau whakahaere wera whaiaro kore e taea te whakaiti i te pāmahana o te tinana me te kore e pau te pūngao. Ahakoa kua whakaarohia e ngā kairangahau o mua ngā tikanga hoahoa mō te whakamatao i ngā kakahu, kāore anō kia tutuki te whakamatao i te hihi awatea i raro i te pāmahana taiao e ahu mai ana i ngā kakahu. E whakaatu ana tētahi rangahau hou ko ngā āhuatanga whatu o te hiraka nā tōna hanganga moroiti paparanga, e whakarato ana i tētahi huarahi whai hua mō ngā kairangahau ki te tūhura i te whakamatao i te hihi awatea.

Nō nā tata nei, i tūhuratia e tētahi rōpū rangahau o Te Whare Wānanga o Nanjing me Te Whare Wānanga o Stanford te tukatuka nano o te hiraka mā te hoahoa hononga ngota me te tikanga paninga rumaki āwhina a te kaihoko hononga toronga, ā, i whakamāramahia e rātou ka taea e te tukatuka nano o te hiraka te whakatutuki i te whakamatao irahiko i raro i te taiao. I whakaputaina ngā rangahau e pā ana ki roto i te Nature Nanotechnology ko "Subambient Daytime Radiative Cooling textile Based on Nanoprocessed Silk".

Te hoahoa o te nano-silk

I rongoatia e ngā kairangahau te hiraka ki tētahi paninga tōtō e āwhina ana i te ākena honohono totoro, ā, i mau tonu te kaha o te hiraka ki te mau. Hei tāpiri, hei whakapai ake i te whakaata i roto i te roopu ULTRAVIOLET, i herea ngā matūriki waikura kore-ora me te taupū whakaata teitei ki te hiraka mā te rautaki hononga ngota ngota mā te whakamahi i te ākena honohono. I taua wā anō, ka whakapai ake hoki te whakaata o te roopu visibon-tata-infrared, ā, ka taea e te whakaata katoa o te hiraka i roto i te whānuitanga o te rā te eke ki te 95%.

Te hoahoa o te whakamatao irahiko awatea mō te hiraka nano

Te whakarite me te whakaahuatanga

I whakamahia te ariā marara Mie hei tatau i te whai huatanga marara o ngā matūriki Al2O3 i roto i te whānuitanga UV hei pānga o te rahi o te matūriki, ā, i whakatauhia kia whakamahia ngā matūriki nano Al2O3 me te rahi o te 300 nm mō ngā whakamātautau o muri mai. I tīpakohia te Tetrabutyl titanate hei kaihoko hononga, ā, i piri ngā matūriki Al2O3 ki te hiraka. I kitea ka taea e te tetrabutyl titanate te hanga hononga hauwai me te rōpū hydroxyl i runga i te mata o te Al2O3 me te whakaiti i te whakakotahitanga o ngā matūriki Al2O3. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te tetrabutyl titanate te hanga hononga kaha ki ngā waikawa amino i roto i te hiraka. Nō reira, ka hangaia he piri kaha i waenga i ngā matūriki Al2O3 me te hiraka mā roto i tēnei rautaki hoahoa hononga ngota.

Te whakarite me te whakaahua i te nano-silk

Te whakamātautau mahi

I whakamātauhia e ngā kairangahau te hiraka tūturu me te hiraka nanosilk i raro i te whakamatao tonu i te hihi mō ngā hāora 22. I kitea i roto i te rangahau nā te tukunga wera, he iti iho te pāmahana o te hiraka tūturu i te pāmahana taiao i te pō, engari i te awatea (9:00 ~17:00) he teitei ake te pāmahana i te pāmahana taiao. He rerekē, he iti iho tonu te pāmahana o te nanosilk i te pāmahana taiao i te awatea me te pō, ā, ko te pāmahana toharite o te nanosilk he tata ki te 3.5 °C te iti iho i te pāmahana hau taiao i te 15:00 i te wā i neke ake ai te hihi o te rā i te 800 W·m-2.

Whakamātautau mahi whakamatao irahiko o te hiraka tūturu me te hiraka nano

I whakamātauria hoki e ngā kairangahau ngā āhuatanga whakamatao o te hiraka e hipoki ana i te kiri whakaata i te rā. Ko te kiri whakaata he mea hanga ki te whakamahana ngāwari kua whakamahanatia ki te rapa silicone. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua i te wā i hipokina ai te kiri whakaata ki te nano-silk, ko te pāmahana o te kiri he tata ki te 8 ℃ me te 12.5 ℃ te iti iho i te pāmahana o te kiri whakaata i hipokina ki te hiraka tūturu, ki te miro rānei. E whakaatu ana ngā hua o runga ake nei he tino pai ngā āhuatanga whakamatao o te nanosilk nā te whakakotahitanga o tōna whakaata rā kua whakarei ake me ōna āhuatanga irahiko wera, e whakaiti ana i te urunga wera, ā, kāore ēnei āhuatanga e pāngia e te nanotreatment.

I whakamātauhia hoki e ngā kairangahau te whakamarie o te hiraka ki te mau. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua he rite te uruhanga o te nano-hiraka ki te miro ki te hiraka tūturu me te Tyvek, engari he paku teitei ake i te miro. I raro i te hipoki o ngā matūriki nano Al2O3, ko te tawhiti momi o te hiraka he 10 mm tonu, he rite ki te hiraka tūturu; I whakamātauhia te kaha horoi o te papanga hiraka mā te horoi me te whakamaroke i te rā.

Te whakamātautau wera me te mau o te hiraka nano