Kua waiho te huringa āhuarangi hei wero nui mō te tangata katoa. I roto i te mahi whakaputa me te whakahaere, ka tūpono te tangata ki te taiao o waho o te pāmahana teitei me te whakamatao, nō reira he mea nui kia whakatinanahia e te tangata te tiaki o waho me te kore e pau te kaha. Me pēhea te karo i ngā kino i puta mai i te ahotea wera ki te tinana tangata me te whai hua nui me te iti o te paunga kaha? I roto i tētahi pepa i whakaputaina tata nei i roto i te hautaka mātauranga matua o te ao "Science", i whakahaerehia e te tīma tao Guangming o te Whare Wānanga Pūtaiao me te Hangarau o Huazhong, te tīma a Ahorangi Ma Yaoguang o te Whare Wānanga o Zhejiang, Tao Guangming Smart Fabric Studio o te China Textile Research Institute me ētahi atu wāhanga rangahau pūtaiao me te ahumahi te auahatanga tahi hei huri i te ariā whakamatao tuku iho. I whakawhanakehia he papanga whakamatao mata whatu kore pau te kaha me te pānga whakamatao nui i raro i te rā tika. E ai ki te pūrongo ka taea e te papanga te whakamatao i te mata o te tinana tangata tata ki te 5℃ i roto i te taiao whakaaturanga o waho, me te kaha whakamatao hihi awatea pai rawa atu, he mea nui mō te whakatutukitanga o te whakahaere wera whaiaro o waho.

He papanga whakamatao i whakawhanakehia e ngā kairangahau

Ka whakawhitia te wera o te tinana mai i te kiko o raro ki te kiri, kātahi ka horapa atu ki te taiao huri noa mā roto i ngā kākahu, kia mau tonu ai te taurite o te wera me te pāmahana o te tinana. Nō reira, ko te whakahaere wera whaiaro mā roto i ngā kākahu he huarahi whai hua hei pupuri i ngā hiahia whakamarie wera o te tinana tangata. Heoi, ko ngā kākahu whakamatao o nāianei he raruraru o te pānga whakamatao ngoikore, te taumaha ehara i te māmā, te nui o te whakapaunga pūngao. Nō reira, i ngā tau tata nei, kua nui haere te aro o ngā ao mātauranga me ngā ahumahi ki ngā papanga e hangai ana ki te whakahaere wera hihi. Nā te mea e taupatupatu ana te whānuitanga o te irahiko infrared o te tinana tangata (7-14 μm) ki te matapihi mārama o te hau (8-13 μm), ka taea te whakamatao tika i te irahiko wera o te tinana tangata ki te wāhi o waho mā roto i te matapihi mārama o te hau, kia kore ai e pau te whakamatao. Nō reira, ka taea e te whakamatao irahiko mā te whakamahi i ngā papanga kakahu tangata te whakapai ake i te mahi whakamarie wera o te tinana tangata me te kore he whakaurunga pūngao o waho, he huarahi kē atu pea tēnei hei tāpiri atu ki te hangarau whakahaere wera tuku iho.

E mārama ana ko te hanganga āhua o te papanga whakamatao atamai i whakawhanakehia e ngā kairangahau he hierarki. E ai ki te hanganga ā-wāhi o te papanga, te hanganga muka, te hanganga nano o roto o te muka, te whakarōpūtanga o te wāhi me te tauine rerekē, ka hangaia he pūnaha whakarōpūtanga āhua matapōkere kua whakaritea, he moroiti hoki.

He hoahoa kauwhata o te papanga whakamatao rauemi meta mō te whakamatao i te hihi awatea

I whakakotahi ngā kairangahau i te hangarau rauemi whakaahua-hiko me te hangarau whakarite muka puranga, ā, i tīpakohia te waikawa waikawa (lactic acid) matomato me te pirau-koiora (PLA) hei rauemi mata mukaI muri i te tukatuka anō, i whiwhihia ngā muka metamaterial ōrite, tonu hoki. He rawaka te kaha o te muka hei whakairo i ngā tuhinga me ngā āhua katoa ki ngā papanga arumoni e te mīhini tuitui. I runga i tēnei, i whakamahia anō e ngā kairangahau ngā tikanga whatu miro me te whakapiripiri hei whiwhi i ngā papanga metamaterial me te whakaata o te 92.4% i te awhi rā me te 94.5% i te awhi waenga-whero.

Whakamātautau mahi whakamatao o te papanga metamaterial:

(a) Te hoahoa hoahoa o ngā taputapu whakamātautau me ngā whakaahua o ngā tauira; (b) Te pihi whakamātautau mahi whakamatao tonu mō ngā haora 24 o te papanga Metamaterial

Hei tāpiritanga, i whakamātauhia e ngā kairangahau ngā tinana tangata whakatauira, ā, i kitea ko te pāmahana o te kiri whakatauira kua hipokina e ngā papanga metamaterial he 5 ki te 7℃ te iti iho i te pāmahana o te miro. Spandex me ngā papanga hemp i te poutumarotanga.

Whakamātautau whakatairite i te mahi whakamatao i waenga i te papanga metamaterial me te papanga arumoni:

(a) Te hoahoa kauwhata o te taputapu whakamātautau me te whakaahua tauira (b) Te kōpiko whakamātautau whakatairite o te mahi whakamatao papanga metamaterial

I roto i te whakamātautau whakamatao o te tauira motuka, ka eke te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i te tauira motuka kua hipokina ki te papanga whakamatao metamaterial me te tauira motuka kua hipokina ki te taupoki ki te 27℃, ā, ka eke te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i te tauira motuka kāore he taupoki ki te 30℃.

Whakamātautau whakatairite i te mahi whakamatao i waenga i te papanga metamaterial me te uhi waka arumoni:

(a) Ngā waka tūturu whaihanga me ngā whakaahua whero-whero; (b) Te kōpiko whakamātautau whakatairite o te mahi whakamatao

He iti ake te utu o ngā papanga metamaterial i ngā kākahu noa, arā, ka taea e rātou te whakamahi i te hangarau kia māmā ake ai te uru atu ki te tini tāngata i ngā kākahu wai me ngā kākahu hau-whakamatao, e ai ki ngā kairangahau. Kua angitu hoki te whakamahinga o te papanga metamaterial i roto i ngā kopare tiaki hauora me ngā kākahu tiaki, ka taea te whakamatao i ngā pāmahana o waho ki te whakataurite ki ngā rauemi tiaki hauora tuku iho. E ai ki ngā pūrongo he iti ngā whakaritenga mō ngā taputapu mō te hanga papanga metamaterial, kāore he kai pūngao, he iti te utu, he nui te hanga ahumahi me ētahi atu āhuatanga, he pai mō te whakatairanga nui o te whakarite me te tono ahumahi. (Nō te kohinga raraunga tuwhera tēnei tuhinga)

(Source: Kaute Whaimana o Textile Herald)